能源績效證書和納入領域
Energy Performance Certificates and inclusion areas

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關鍵點:

• EPC 是一份四頁的文件，提供能效評級並提供能效升級建議

• 該文件包含有關該措施的建築物和建築物中固定係統的信息

• 不同類型的建築和固定係統將根據政府標準遵循不同的要求

       能源績效證書（或 EPC）是一份四頁的文件，從 A 到 G 對物業的能源效率進行評級，其中 A 是效率最高的。 EPC 估算了建築物的供熱和供電成本以及二氧化碳排放量。 它還提供了有關節能升級、相關成本以及每個可能產生的潛在節省的英鎊和便士的建議。 一些國家已經實施了EPC，例如英國、歐盟、美國和土耳其。

       EPC 評級範圍從 A 到 G。最高分 A 被授予最高效的家庭和企業，而最低分 G 被分配給成本最高且排放最多 CO2 的房產。 任何超過 92 的分數都會獲得 A，而任何低於 20 的分數都會獲得 G。EPC 顯示當前和潛在節能的數字分數。 其中包括提高能源效率的建議，例如昇級絕緣材料或改用現代燈泡。 業主和租戶都可以採取這些措施，從而節省成本。 EPC有效期為10年，在10年有效期內可以多次重複使用。 只有在建造、出售或出租建築物時才需要 EPC。 在這種情況下，建築物被定義為“具有牆壁的屋頂結構，為此使用能量來調節室內氣候，並且對建築物的引用包括對建築物的一部分的引用，該部分已被設計或改建以供使用 分別地'。 建築物需要有牆壁和屋頂，並利用能源來維持舒適的內部氣候，才有資格獲得 EPC。 以下固定服務被視為調節室內氣候：供暖、機械通風或空調。 儘管是一項固定建築服務，但提供熱水不會影響內部環境，因此不會觸發 EPC。 電氣照明也有同樣的論點。 EPC 的一般條款應反映正在出售或出租的住宿。 建築物可以有多個租賃、不同的租賃協議、各種分租安排和不同的用途。 正如前面提到的固定服務，如果固定服務與固定係統相關聯，即附加到建築物結構的服務，那麼它將被考慮用於 EPC 以及建築物何時出售或出租固定係統 EPC 將考慮服務。

       該建築需要 EPC，因為它反映了您建築當前和潛在的能源效率評級，並提供了評級改進建議。 具有更好隔熱性能的屬性，無論是在地板還是牆壁空腔中，高效的供暖系統，以及不會導致太多熱量逸出的門窗，都將獲得更高的評級。 即使是看似不重要的細節，例如所用燈泡的類型，也會在 EPC 評級中得到考慮。 以英國為例，由於文件成為英格蘭、威爾士、北愛爾蘭和蘇格蘭的法律要求，EPC 必須在房產上市銷售或出租後 7 天提交，而未能提交的賣家和房東 獲得 EPC 最高可被罰款 5,000 英鎊。 此外，作為建築物的所有者或承租人，如果對物業進行重大改進以提高能源效率並在此過程中影響 EPC 評級，則業主或承租人應更新其 EPC。 此外，在進行重大調整之前，業主或承租人可以提前申請EPC評估，這有利於增加您的財產價值。 建造、出售或出租建築物時需要 EPC。 英國政府首先要求所有總實用建築面積大於10,000平方米至2,500和500平方米的非住宅建築必須將EPC展示給公眾清晰可見。

       計算基於組合，關鍵因素是建築物的建築類型、建築物的不同用途部分、所用的供暖、製冷、通風和熱水系統以及照明。 收集信息過程需要收集相關信息，分析信息，並將信息輸入軟件程序中，這些信息是需要了解的信息。 不同類型的建築用途和租賃安排將遵循不同的 EPC 要求。 根據英國政府的說法，該辦公室提供了不同的案例研究，這些研究可能會隨著時間的推移而發生變化。 共用供暖系統的建築，賣方或房東應提供整棟建築的EPC，獨立供暖系統的建築，允許為每個單獨的部分提供EPC，在出售或出租整棟建築時，它 可以為每個組件提供單獨的 EPC，也可以為空調公共區域提供整體 EPC。 上面有住宅的商店有單獨的通道並且明確設計用於單獨的空間，在這種情況下，住宅空間應該有自己的 EPC，使用標準評估程序或適當的簡化數據標準評估程序方法。 具有公共供暖系統和空調公共空間的購物中心，如果供暖或能夠擁有自己的供暖設施，則不需要 EPC。 具有公共供暖系統和無空調公共空間的中心，如果需要，可以為單獨的部分生產 EPC，或者 EPC 可以用於整個建築，具體取決於情況。 街區內的工業單元，具有共同供暖系統的單元可以單獨提交 EPC 或為所有單元提交 1 個 EPC。 具有獨立加熱系統的單元，每個單元1個EPC和所有單元1個EPC都可以使用。 對建築物進行改造，具有擴展容量但未添加或移除任何部件且未添加或移除擴展部件則不需要 EPC，但如果建築物有擴展的固定服務，例如供暖、機械通風或空調。

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Energy Performance Certificates and inclusion areas

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Key points

• An EPC is a four-page document that provides a rating for energy efficiency and provides recommendations for energy-efficient upgrades

• The document contains information on the building and fixed system in the building for the measure

• Different types of the building and fixed systems will follow different requirements according to the government standard

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        An Energy Performance Certificate – or EPC – is a four-page document that rates a property's energy efficiency from A to G, with A being the most efficient. An EPC gives an estimate of the cost to heat and power a building as well as the amount of CO2 emits. It also provides suggestions for energy-efficient upgrades, their associated costs, and the potential savings in pounds and pence that each one might produce. Some countries have implemented the EPC such as the United Kingdom, European Union, the United States, and Turkey.

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        The EPC ratings range from A to G. The highest score, A, is awarded to the most efficient homes and businesses, while the lowest score, G, is assigned to properties that have the highest costs and emits the most CO2. Any score over 92 earns an A, while anything under 20 earns a G. An EPC displays a score in numbers for both current and potential energy savings. These include recommendations to enhance energy efficiency, such as upgrading insulation or switching to modern light bulbs. Both owners and renters can do these actions which could result in cost savings. The EPC is valid for 10 years and it can be reused multiple times during this period of 10 validity. An EPC is only required when a building is being built, sold, or rented out. In this case, the building is defined as ‘a roofed construction having walls, for which energy is used to condition the indoor climate, and a reference to a building includes a reference to part of a building which has been designed or altered to be used separately’. It is required for a building to have walls and a roof, as well as utilize energy to maintain a comfortable internal climate in order to qualify for an EPC. The following fixed services are regarded as regulating the indoor climate: heating, mechanical ventilation, or air conditioning. Despite being a fixed building service, the provision of hot water does not affect the internal environment and would not, therefore, be a trigger for an EPC. Electric lighting is subject to the same argument. The general terms of the EPC should reflect the accommodation being sold or rented out. Buildings can have multiple tenancies, differing lease agreements, various sub-letting arrangements, and different uses. As mentioned earlier on the fixed services, if the fixed services are associated with the fixed system i.e. services that are attached to the fabric of the building then it will be considered for an EPC as well as when the building was sold or rented out the fixed service will be taken into account on the EPC.

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        The building needs the EPC as it reflects the present and potential ratings of energy efficiency in your building with a suggestion for rating improvement. Properties with better insulation, whether in the flooring or wall cavities, efficient heating systems, and windows and doors that do not cause too much heat to escape will receive higher ratings. Even seemingly unimportant details, such as the type of lightbulb used are taken into consideration for the EPC ratings. Using the United Kingdom as an example since the documents become a legal requirement in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland, an EPC must be submitted seven days after a property is marketed for sale or for rent and the sellers and landlords who fail to obtain the EPC can be fined up £5,000. Also, as an owner of the building or renters, if there is a major improvement to the property that boosts energy efficiency and impacts the EPC rating in the process, the owners or renters should make an update for their EPC. As well as, prior to the major adjustment being made, the owner or renter could apply early for the EPC assessment which benefits in increasing the value of your property. EPCs are required when a building is constructed, sold, or rented out. The government of the United Kingdom begins with the requirement for all non-dwelling buildings with a total useful floor area greater than 10,000 m2 to 2,500 and 500m2 to display the EPC to clearly visible to the public.

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        The calculation is based on a combination, the key factors are the type of construction of the building, parts of the building used for different purposes, heating, cooling, ventilation and hot water systems used, and lighting. The collecting information process requires gathering the relevant information, analyzing information, and entering the information into the software program which is required information to know. Different types of building use and tenancy arrangements will follow different requirements for EPC. According to the government of the United Kingdom, the office provides different case studies which it is subject to change over time. Building with a common heating system, the seller or landlord should provide an EPC for the whole building while building with an independent heating system, it is permissible to provide EPCs for each of the individual parts, when selling or renting out the entire building, it is acceptable to either provide individual EPCs for each component as well as an overall EPC for the conditioned common areas. Shop with dwellings above that has separate access and is clearly designed to be used for separate space, in this case, the residential space should have its own EPC using the standard assessment procedure or reduced data standard assessment procedure methodology as appropriate. Shopping center with common heating systems and conditioned communal space, if the heating or the ability to have its own heating then it will not require an EPC. Center with common heating systems and unconditioned communal space, EPCs may be produced for a separate part if required or EPC can be used for the whole building depending on the case. Industrial units in blocks, units with a common heating system can submit to EPCs in separate parts or submit for 1 EPC for all the units. Units with independent heating systems, 1 EPC for each unit and 1 EPC for all the units can be used. Modifications to a building, building with extended capacity but with no parts added or removed with no extended part added or removed then no EPC is required but if the building if there is extended fixed services such as heating, mechanical ventilation, or air conditioning.