EPC 對房屋交易的影響
EPC impact on house trading

​

關鍵點:

• 研究人員正在爭論EPC對房屋交易的影響，因為它部分地影響了房價，因為不同的地方反映了不同的結果

• EPC提高房價，以英國為例，EPC從F翻倍到C，房價上漲

• EPC 影響房屋交易，因為它鼓勵房主和經紀人更加了解其房屋的能源效率

        能源績效證書主要在歐洲國家推出，每個國家遵循不同的規則和做法。 瑞典是對獨棟住宅和最多六套公寓的公寓樓銷售實施EPC的國家之一。 EPC中提供的詳細信息有助於買家或租戶準確評估建築物的能源性能和能源消耗成本。 另一方面，經紀人必須將相關對象包含在適用於能源聲明的規則的 EPC 和描述中。 根據法律要求，EPC 的詳細信息應在廣告或出售或出租的場所中提供，其中能源聲明還必須在展覽或營銷中向感興趣的買家或租戶提供。

        以往關於EPC的研究大多強調建築物對占用者的吸引力和降低投資者風險的好處，並且大多數研究沒有關注EPC與資本價值、市場價值和租金價值之間的關係。 必須考慮其他因素，例如空間土地、位置和相關因素。 此外，研究還發現，很難說服人們關注能源效率，因為他們發現EPC的有效性受到限制，部分原因是買家缺乏教育和意識。

        Wilhelmsson（2023）對瑞典EPC和房屋交易以及EPC在房屋交易市場中的作用的研究發現，EPC對房產價值有一定作用，但對房價影響有限。 具有EPC標籤的建築物或房屋對房地產價格的影響越來越大，空間效應和位置也被認為是價格變化的因素。 進一步的證據表明，EPC 對消費者的選擇產生積極影響，在所有其他因素相同的情況下，最佳能效 A 級的房產與最差的 G 級相比，價格溢價超過 6%。 另一方面，其他學者有不同的證據支持EPC對房屋交易的影響，其中Stenval等人。 (2022) 發現，能源效率對租戶擁有的公寓價格的影響並不顯著，與非節能公寓相比，節能公寓的溢價僅為 0.8% 至 1.2%。 使用都靈和巴塞羅那案例的研究也支持了這一點，提出了房價模型，從 G 到 A 的每個評級級別，都靈的 EPC 增長了 6.33%，而巴塞羅那的增長僅為 1.88%。 將節能功能融入建築設計中可以創造出更具吸引力的房產，從而在市場上獲得更高的價格。

        以英國為例，英國面臨著抵押貸款囚徒，人們面臨著償還抵押貸款的困難，同時，研究發現，能源性能證書評級為 A 或 A 級的房產的房價溢價 與 D 級房屋相比，B 級房屋的折扣僅為 1.7%，而 F 級或 G 級房屋的折扣為 3.5%。 最近，政府希望從 2025 年起將 EPC 評級要求提高到 C，因為英國住房存量約佔該國總碳排放量的 15%。 最近的 2025 年法規將影響約 58% 的英國房屋，因為 EPC C 評級下的房屋或財產將被貼上“不可抵押”的標籤，因此，新法規將加強投資者和房主更加關注能源效率的必要性 實現抵押貸款的EPC利率高於C級。 更多研究發現，從 D 移至 C 的房屋價值可能會比當地房價增長增加 3%，並且將兩個等級向上移動，例如從 E 移至 C 可能會使您的價值增加 8.8%，並從 F 或 G 提高至 C 的價值可增加 19.6%。 政府建議房主尋找改善房屋的解決方案，並諮詢抵押貸款顧問，看看改善房價的潛力。

        總之，瑞典和英國的案例研究表明，由於各國面臨不同的住房市場形勢，EPC在住房市場的實施步伐有所不同。 瑞典沒有面臨住房存量和抵押囚犯的問題，因此對住房採用EPC相對較快和明確，因為自該國採用EPC以來，它要求經紀人在廣告中展示EPC的詳細信息，而對於瑞典來說， 英國面臨著住房存量和抵押貸款的囚禁，實施速度較慢，因為該法規將於 2025 年開始，以鼓勵人們更加關注能源效率。 EPC 對房屋交易的影響，因為它鼓勵房主和經紀人追求能源效率，同時在廣告中向買家展示能源效率詳細信息，其中研究和政府提供 EPC 績效將如何提供幫助的信息 提高房價進入市場以及如何吸引購房者的注意力。

Powered by Wix

​

EPC impact on house trading

​

Key points

• The researchers are debating the impact of EPC on the house trading as it is partially affects the housing price as different places reflect different results.

• EPC improve the housing price as shown in the example of UK, the housing price increase as the EPC double from F to C.

• The EPC impact the house trading as it encourage homeowners and brokers to be more aware of energy efficiency in their housing.

​

       The Energy Performance Certificate was introduced mainly in the European nations where each nation follows different rules and practices. Sweden is one of the countries that implement the EPC for the sale of single-family houses and apartment buildings with a maximum of six apartments. The details provided in the EPC help the buyers or tenants to accurately assess the building’s energy performance and energy consumption costs. Brokers, on the other end, have to include the related objects in the EPC and descriptions applying to the rules that apply to energy declarations. The details of the EPC are presented in the advertisement or premises for sale or rent as required by law where the energy declaration must also be available to interested buyers or tenants at the exhibition or in the marketing. 

       Previous studies on the EPC mostly emphasize on the benefits of buildings’ attractiveness for occupiers and decrease risk for investors and most of the studies have not focused on the relationship between EPC and capital value, market value, and rent value due to the fact that it must take into the consideration of other factors such as spatial land, location, and relevant factors. Moreover, research also found that it is difficult to persuade people to focus on energy efficiency as they find that the effectiveness of EPCs is limited partly due to a lack of education and awareness of the buyers. 

​​

       The study by Wilhelmsson (2023) on EPC and house trading in Sweden and EPC's role in the house trading market found that EPC plays a role in property values but partial effect on house prices. The building or house with EPC labels has an increasing impact on property prices which spatial effect and location also consider as a factor of the pricing change. Further evidence support that EPC positively affects consumers’ choices where the price premium of over 6% for properties in the best energy efficiency class A compared to the worst class G while all other factors are equal. On the other hand, other scholars have different evidence to support the EPC effect on the house trading where Stenvall et al. (2022) found that the energy efficiency effect on the prices of tenant-owned apartments is not significant, with a premium of only 0.8 to 1.2% observed for energy-efficient apartments compared to none-efficient ones. Research using the case from Turin and Barcelona also supports this by presenting the housing price model with EPC increases by 6.33% in Turin while the increase in Barcelona was only 1.88% for each rating level from G to A. As a result, the research concludes that the incorporation of energy-efficient features into building designs can create more attractive properties that command higher prices on the market. 

​​

       In the case of the United Kingdom, the UK was facing mortgage prisoners where people were facing difficulty to pay off their mortgages and at the same time, the research found that the house price premium on a property with an energy performance certificate rating of A or B is just 1.7% compared to a D-rated home while properties with an F or G rating attract a discount of 3.5%. Recently, the government wants to raise the requirement to an EPC rating of C from 2025 because the UK housing stock accounts for around 15% of the country’s total carbon emissions. The recent 2025 regulation will impact around 58% of UK homes as the house or property under an EPC C rating will be labeled as ‘unmortgageable’ therefore, the new regulation will strengthen the need for investors and homeowners to pay more attention to energy efficiency to achieve the EPC rate higher than C level for the mortgage. More research found that the house that moves from D to C could increase by 3% value over and above local house price growth and moving two bands up for example to E to C could increase your value by 8.8% and improve from F or G to C could increase 19.6% in value. The government suggests the homeowner to sort the solution to improve their home and consult with the mortgage adviser to see the potential of improving the housing price. 

​​

       In conclusion, the case studies of Sweden and the United Kingdom, presents that the implementation of EPC to the housing market have adopted at a different pace as each country are facing a different housing market situation. Sweden is not facing housing stock and mortgage prisoners so the adoption of the EPC to housing are relatively faster and clear as it requires the brokers to present the details of the EPC to the advertisement since the adoption of the EPC in the country whereas, for the UK that is facing housing stock and mortgage prisoner, the implementation was slower as the regulation will begin in 2025 to encourage people to be more mindful of the energy efficiency. The EPC impact on house trading as it encourages home owners and brokers to pursue the energy efficiency and at the same time to present the energy efficiency details to the advertisement for the buyers where the research and government provides information of how the performance of EPC will help to increase the housing price to the market and how it will draw the attention of the homebuyers. 

Photo credit: https://www.propertymark.co.uk/resource/epc-renewal.html